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If you are unsure which nutrition certification is right for you, I recommend that you take the quiz or check out my article on the top nutrition certifications. This is especially true because the FNS is slightly out of date.
Important definitions to memorize forย chapter 11 of the NASM FNS
Anemia ~ Abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin within the bloodstream; which can and is often caused by impaired synthesis of red blood cells, enhanced destruction of red cells, or very significant loss of blood
Sports Anemia ~ A lowered concentration of hemoglobin within the blood due in part to dilution. The magnified plasma volume that dilutes the hemoglobin may be a normal consequence of aerobic training
Angular stomatitis ~ Inflammation and cracking of the skin at the corner of the mouth; a clinical of vitamin B complex deficiency
Atrophicย gastritisย ~ย is anย age-related conditionย in whichย theย gastric cells of the stomachย lose their ability to secrete acid. In severe cases, the abilityย to createย intrinsic factorsย is additionallyย impaired
Avidin ~ Aย polypeptideย in raw egg whites that bindsย biotin (a vitamin B complex), preventing its absorption. Avidin is destroyed by heat
Beriberi ~ Thiamin-deficiency disease. Symptoms embody muscle weakness, loss of craving, nerve degeneration, and edema in some cases
Biocytin ~ A biotin-lysine complex released from hydrolyzed protein
Biotinidase ~ an enzyme catalyst within the small intestine that releases biotin (B complex vitamin) from biocytin
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Carboxylation ~ A reaction that adds a carboxyl group (-COOH) to a substrate, exchanging for a hydrogen atom
Cheilosis ~ Inflammation and cracking of the lips; an indication of riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency
Decarboxylation ~ Remove aย carboxyl groupย (-COOH) from a molecule. Theย carboxyl groupย is thenย dischargedย asย CO2ย (Cร)
Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE) ~ A measure of folate intake used to accurately account for the high bioavailability of folic acid taken as a supplement compared with the lower bioavailability of the folic acid found in foods
Dietaryย Guidelinesย for Americans ~ The Dietaryย Guidelinesย for Americans areย the museย of federal nutrition policy. They are developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)ย andย the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). These science-basedย guidelinesย areย meantย to reduceย the numberย of American citizensย whoย develop chronic diseasesย likeย high blood pressure, diabetes,ย cardiovascular disease, obesity, and alcoholism.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) ~ A framework of dietary standards that features estimated Average requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Dietary Standards ~ set of values forย the suggestedย intake of nutrients
Dietary Supplements ~ย productsย takenย orallyย inย pills, capsules, powders, gel caps, orย other nonfood typesย that contain one orย additionalย of the following: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, enzymes, metabolites, or concentrates
Glossitis ~ Inflammation of the tongue; an indication of riboflavin deficiency
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Glutathione ~ A tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid that is involved in the protection of cells from oxidative cellular damage
Glutathione Peroxidase ~ A selenium-containing enzyme that promotes the breakdown of fatty acids that have undergone peroxidation
Hemochromatosis ~ A metabolic disorder that leads to excess iron deposits throughout the body
Homocysteine ~ an amino acid precursor of cysteine and a risk factor for cardiopathy
Macrocytes ~ Abnormally massive red blood cells with short life spans
Megaloblastic Anemia ~ Excess amounts of megaloblasts within the blood caused by a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Megaloblasts ~ massive, immature red blood cells created once precursor cells fail to divide ordinarily because of impaired deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis
Microcyticย hypochromic anemiaย ~ Anemiaย characterizedย byย little, pale red blood cells that lack adequateย hemoglobinย to holdย oxygen;ย is oftenย caused by a deficiency of iron orย vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Myelin Sheath ~ The protecting coating surrounds nerve fibers
Myelinization ~ Development of the myelin sheath, a substance that surrounds nerve fibers
Neural Tube Defect (NPD) ~ A anomaly ensuing from the failure of the ectoderm to develop properly throughout early fetal development
Niacin Equivalents (NE) ~ Aย measureย that includesย performed dietaryย niacinย in additionย toย nicotinic acidย derived from tryptophan;ย 60ย mgย ofย vitamin B
Pernicious Anemia ~ A type of anemia that results from an autoimmune- disorder that damages cells lining the abdomen and inhibits B-complex vitamin absorption, resulting in vitamin B complex deficiency
R-Protein ~ A peptide made by the salivary glands that will shield vitamin B12 as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract and into the small bowel
Reducing Agent ~ A compound that donates electrons or hydrogen atoms to a different compound
Seborrheic Dermatitis ~ sickness of the oil-producing glands of the skin; an indication of vitamin B2 deficiency
Spina Bifida ~ a kind of neural tube congenital disorder
Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) ~ S coenzyme of which the nutriment thiamin is a part. It plays a key role in decarboxylation reactions and helps drive the reaction that forms acyl CoA from pyruvate in intermediary metabolism
Tryptophan ~ย anย amino acidย thatย isย aย B complexย precursorย within theย body.ย Within theย body,ย sixtyย milligrams ofย tryptophaneย yieldsย aroundย oneย milligram ofย nicotinic acid, orย oneย nicotinic acidย equivalent (NE)
Tyler Read
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