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If you are unsure which nutrition certification is right for you, I recommend that you take the quiz or check out my article on the top nutrition certifications. This is especially true because the FNS is slightly out of date.
Important definitions to memorize forย chapter 14 of the NASM FNS
Aerobic ~ย aboutย the presence of or noย wantย forย oxygen.ย The entireย breakdown ofย carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids toย carbon dioxide (CO2)ย and waterย happensย solelyย via aerobic metabolism. Theย Krebsย cycle andย electronย transport chain are aerobic pathways
Aerobic Endurance ~ The relative ability of the striated muscle to procure an adequate concentration of oxygen from the cardiovascular system and lungs to keep up muscular activity for an extended period of time
ATP-CP Energy System ~ a straightforward and immediate anaerobic energy system that maintains adenosine triphosphate levels. phosphocreatine is hydrolyzed, expelling energy and a phosphate group, which can then be used to make adenosine triphosphate
Carbohydrate Loading ~ Changes in dietary carbohydrate intake and exerciseย programย before a competitionย to maximizeย glycogenย storedย within theย muscles.ย It’sย acceptable for endurance events lastingย sixtyย toย ninetyย consecutive minutes or longer.ย additionallyย referred to asย glycogenย loading
Cardiac Output ~ the quantity of blood expelled by the heart
Creatine ~ย is a very importantย nitrogenousย compound found in meats and fish and synthesizedย within theย body from amino acids (glycine, arginine, and methionine)
Creatine Phosphate ~ AN energy-rich compound that provides energy and phosphate groups for the formation of adenosine triphosphate. additionally known as phosphocreatine
Diuresis ~ The formation and secretion of urine
Diuretics ~ย medicinesย orย alternativeย substances that promote the formation andย releaseย ofย urine. Diuretics are givenย to reduceย fluid bodyย volume in treating such disorders as highย blood pressure,ย congestiveย cardiovascular disease, and edema.ย Bothย alcohol andย caffeine effectivelyย act as diuretics.
Ergogenic Aids ~ Substancesย that willย enhance athletic performance
Fast-Twitch (FT) Fibers ~ Muscle fibersย that canย develop high tensionย rapidly. These fibersย willย fatigue quickly; however,ย they areย well-suited to explosive movements in sprinting, jumping, and weight lifting
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Hyperthermia ~ a way higher than normal body temperature
Lactic Acid Energy System ~ Anaerobic energy system;ย glycolysisย quicklyย produces energy (ATP) andย lactate.ย additionallyย known asย anaerobicย glycolysis
Longitudinal Muscle ~ Muscle fibers aligned lengthwise
Muscle Fibers ~ Individual muscle fibers
Oxygen Energy System ~ย a highly complexย energy systemย that needsย oxygen. Toย releaseย adenosine triphosphate, it completes the breakdown ofย sugarย and fatty acids via theย TCAย cycle andย electronย transport chain.
Palatable ~ Pleasant tasting
Pathogenic ~ Capable of inflicting sickness
Phosphocreatine ~ย ANย energy-rich compound thatย providesย energy and phosphate groupsย for the formation ofย adenosine triphosphate.ย Additionallyย known as phosphocreatine
Skeletal Muscles ~ Muscles comprise parallel skeletal muscle fibers bundles underย voluntaryย management.ย Additionallyย known asย striated muscleย orย skeletal muscle
Slow-Twitch (ST) Fibers ~ Muscle fibers that develop tensionย much moreย slowly and to a lesser extent than fast-twitch muscle fibers. ST fibers have highย metabolic capacities and are slower to fatigue than fast-twitch fibers.
Soda Loading ~ Consumption ofย bicarbonateย (baking soda)ย to liftย bloodย hydrogen ion concentration. The intent isย to extendย theย capabilityย of buffer acids,ย thereforeย delaying fatigue.ย Additionally,ย referred to asย bicarbonateย loading.
Sports Anemia ~ Aย loweredย concentration ofย hemoglobinย within theย bloodย due in part toย dilution. Theย magnifiedย plasma volume that dilutes theย hemoglobinย may be a normalย consequence of aerobicย training.
Anemia ~ Abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin within the bloodstream; which can and is often caused by impaired synthesis of red blood cells, enhanced destruction of red cells, or very significant loss of blood
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Amenorrhea ~ Absence or abnormal stoppage of menstruation in a female; usually indicated by the absence of 3 to 6 consecutive female menstrual cycles
Female athlete Triad ~ A syndrome in young female athletes that involves disordered feeding, amenorrhea, and lowered bone density
Infantileย anorexiaย ~ Severe feeding difficulties begin with introducing solid foods to infants. Symptomsย includeย persistent food refusal forย over a month,ย malnutrition, parental concernย aboutย the child’s poor food intake, andย importantย caregiver-infant conflictย throughoutย the feeding.
Anorexia of Aging ~ Loss ofย food cravingsย and wastingย related toย advanced age
Anorexia Athletica ~ย disorder of eating-related toย competitive participation in athletic activity
Anorexia Nervosa ~ย is anย eating disorderย marked by a prolonged decrease inย food cravingsย and refusal to eat,ย resulting inย self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Itย results in partย from a distorted body image and intenseย worryย ofย turning intoย fat,ย typicallyย connectedย to social pressures.
Binge ~ Consumption ofย a reallyย large amountย of foodย in an exceedinglyย shortย time (e.g.,ย 2ย hours)ย often accompanied byย a loss ofย managementย overย how muchย and what itย consumed.
Binge Eaters ~ people who habitually consume a very great amount of food in a very short amount of time (e.g., 2 hours) and lose the ability to control what quantity and what’s eaten
Binge-Eating Disorder ~ย anย eating disorderย marked byย recurrentย episodes of bingeย intakeย andย a senseย of loss ofย control. Theย diagnosisย reliesย onย an individual’sย havingย a medianย ofย at leastย 2ย binge-eating episodes per weekย for 6ย months.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) ~ย Aย disorder of eatingย in whichย a distressingย and impairing preoccupation with anย imaginedย or slight defect inย appearanceย happens to be the primary symptom
Body Image ~ an individual’s mental construct of his or her physical appearance, created from many various influences
Bulimia Nervosa ~ย Aย disorder of eatingย marked by the consumptionย of hugeย amounts of food atย one timeย (binge eating) followed by behaviorย such asย self-inducedย puking, use of laxatives, excessive exercise, fasting, orย alternativeย practices to avoid weight gain
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ~ A disorderย in whichย individual attemptsย to alleviateย anxiety byย patternย behavior and continuous repetition ofย certainย acts
Disorderedย eatingย ~ย anย abnormalย changeย inย feedingย patternย associated withย anย illness, aย stressfulย event, or aย needย to enhanceย one’s health orย appearance. If it persists,ย it will likelyย result inย anย eating disorder.
Diuretics ~ย medicinesย orย alternativeย substances that promote the formation andย releaseย ofย urine. Diuretics are givenย to reduceย bodyย fluid volume in treating such disorders as highย blood pressure,ย congestiveย cardiovascular disease, and edema.ย Bothย alcohol andย caffeine effectivelyย act as diuretics.
Diuresis ~ The formation and secretion of urine
Eating Disorders ~ A spectrum of abnormalย feedingย patterns that eventuallyย mightย endangerย an individual’sย health or increaseย the dangerย ofย otherย diseases. Generally, psychological factors play a key role.
Emetics ~ Agents that induce regurgitation
Enemas ~ Infusions of fluid into the rectum, sometimes for cleansing or other therapeutic functions
Female athlete Triad ~ A syndrome in young female athletes that involves disordered feeding, amenorrhea, and lowered bone density
Infantileย anorexiaย ~ Severe feeding difficulties begin with introducing solid foods to infants. Symptomsย includeย persistent food refusal forย over a month,ย malnutrition, parental concernย aboutย the child’s poor food intake, andย importantย caregiver-infant conflictย throughoutย the feeding.
Laxatives ~ Substances that promote evacuation of the bowel by increasing the majority of feces, lubricating the enteric wall, or softening the stool
Night-Eating Syndrome (NES) ~ a disorder of eating during which a habitual pattern of interrupting sleep to eat is the primary symptom
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ~ A disorderย in whichย individual attemptsย to alleviateย anxiety byย patternย behavior and continuous repetition ofย certainย acts
Orexin ~ย a kindย ofย hormoneย in theย brainย that mayย affectย food consumption
Purge ~ evacuation of the gastrointestinal tract by self-induced regurgitation and/or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
Tyler Read
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