ISSA Unit 2 – Basic anatomy and physiology

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1: Name the levels of organization in the body

• Atomic
• Molecular
• Organelle
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ system
• Organism

2: List the cellular components that make up a cell

• PLASMA/ CELL MEMBRANE.
• CYTOPLASM
• NUCLEUS
• RIBOSOMES
• GOLGI BODY / APPARATUS
• LYSOSOMES
• MITOCHONDRIA.

3: Name the 4 tissue types in the body

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue

4: What are the 10 systems that make up the human body

Digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, circulatory/lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary

5: Describe the respiratory system and its function

The organ system is responsible for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide excretion.

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6: Explain the “training effect and how it influences the lungs throughout the exercise

An increase in activity results in an increased oxygen demand, which in turn causes the lungs to work more.

7: What is a trained individual’s average resting heart rate vs. an untrained individual?

A normal resting heart rate for the average adult is 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm) or 40 to 60 bpm for highly conditioned athletes

8: Describe the circulatory system and its function. What are the constituents of blood?

The organ system permits blood to circulate, transport nutrients, and remove toxins in and out of tissues. Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

9: Find the Approximated Maximum Heart Rate of a 48-year-old man with the below calculation

22O -Age = Estimated Maximum Heart Rate.
172

10: Describe the function of the heart in training

To supply oxygen and energy by blood circulation.

11: What is Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and how does it relate to exercise?

The maximum amount of oxygen a person can utilize during intense exercise

12: Explain the digestive system and its role in our bodies

The processing, transport, and absorption of food-based nutrients and the removal of food waste by-products.

13: Explain the nervous system and its two major parts

15: Explain the relationship between the endocrine system and the nervous system

The hypothalamus coordinates the endocrine and nervous systems, which determines what hormones to secrete given the appropriate nerve impulses.

16: Describe the function of hormones

Hormones are chemicals that regulate metabolic and nervous function by binding to appropriate cellular receptors.

17: Describe the purpose of growth hormone (HGH). How does it associate with exercising?

HGH stimulates tissue growth, recovery, and improved mental state in response to resistance training.

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