ISSA Unit 3 – Musculoskeletal anatomy and physiology

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1: What is the musculoskeletal system?

The body system responsible for biomechanical action and comprises skeletal muscle groups, connective tissue, and bone/skeleton.

2: What are the 4 functions of the skeletal system in our body?

• Structural Integrity/Biomechanical Function
• Production of blood
• Storage of fat and minerals
• Organ Protection

3: What is the total number of bones in the following:

• Overall skeletal system: 206
• Axial skeleton: 80
• Appendicular skeleton: 126

5: What are the three layers that constitute the bone?

Compact, cancellous, osteoblast

6: What are the five bone categories?

Flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid

7: What are the 6 joint categories?

Pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, and ball-and-socket

8: Label the joints in this chart

9: What is a “tendon?”

Fibrous connective tissue joins muscle to bone.

10: What is a”joint?”

The separation between two or more corresponding bones is configured to allow appropriate movement and is connected by ligaments.

11: Explain the role of the muscular system in our bodies

Move and maintain position

12: What are the 3 types of muscles in the body?

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

13: Fill in the chart below:

14: Fill in the following diagrams:

15: What is”origin?”

Origin is the fixed attachment point of muscle to the bone via tendon connection

16: Define “insertion.”

Insertion is a dynamic attachment point of muscle to the bone via tendon and changes with muscle contraction

17: Mark the insertion and origin of the rectus abdominis muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action on the line provided below.

18: Mark the insertion and origin of the triceps brachii muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action on the line provided below. (Hint Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

19: Mark the insertion and origin of the pectoralis major muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

20: Mark the insertion and origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint; Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

21: Mark the insertion and origin of the deltoid muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” And insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

22: Mark the insertion and origin of the trapezius muscle

Indicate origin with an “O” And insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

23: Mark the insertion and origin of the rotator cuff muscles

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

24: Mark the insertion and origin of the quadriceps muscles

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action in the line provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

25: Mark the insertion and origin of the hamstring muscles

Indicate origin with an “O” and insertion with an “I.” Indicate the intended action on the lines provided below. (Hint: Refer to Unit 8 if you have trouble with the intended action.)

26: Complete the chart below to explain skeletal muscle contraction

27: What are the six major muscle fiber arrangements?

• Fusiform arrangement
• Upennate
• Bipennate
• Multipennate
• Triangular
• Parallel

28: Determine the muscle fiber arrangements below with examples.

29: What are the 4 categories of muscle fiber types and their nature?

Type I, Type IIa, Type IIx, and Type IIc

30: What is hypertrophy about the training effect?

Hypertrophy is the anabolic response of muscle protein synthesis catalyzed by resistance training or a general adaptation to increased mechanically resistive forces in daily life. It results in increased muscle mass.

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