ISSA Unit 1 – Metabolism

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1: Where does the energy come from that we use for physical activity?

Energy mainly comes from the sun. The plants and animals we eat provide us with the nutrients we need for energy.

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2: Define homeostasis?

Maintenance of a constant internal temperature in the body

3: What is metabolism?

Biochemical processes within a living organism that sustain life

4: List and define the two phases of metabolism.

Phase1: Catabolism (break-down)
Phase2: Anabolism (Build-up)

5: What is BMR, and how does it relate to a human metabolic set point?

The least energy is required to maintain the body’s living function while resting. This is usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body’s surface.

6: How do a kilocalorie and a calorie relate?

There are 1000 calories in a kilocalorie

7: Define the thermic effect?

The heat is liberated from food is a measure of its energy content.

8: Refer to the chart below:

9: Give 5 metabolic adaptations to endurance training.

1. increased muscle glycogen storage capacity
2. increased muscle mitochondrial density
3. increased resting adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content in muscles
4. increased resting Creatine phosphate(CP) content in muscles
5. increased resting creatine content in muscles

10: What are the anaerobic training adaptations?

1. Increased size and number of fast-twitch muscle fibers
2. Increased tolerance to higher levels of blood lactate
3. Increases in enzymes that are involved in the anaerobic stage of glucose breakdown (known as glycolysis)
4. Increased resting levels of ATP, CP creatine, and muscle glycogen content.
5. increased levels of growth hormone and testosterone after short bouts (45 to 75 min) of high-intensity weight training

11: what is “ATP” and discuss the 3 energy pathways to produce it.

A compound known as Adenosine Triphosphate, whose breakdown leads to energy release used for muscle contraction.

12: Fill in this chart

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