IPTA CPT Flashcards please enter your Email to access the remaining flashcards Welcome to your IPTA CPT Flashcards 1. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT How many bones does an adult human skeleton have? 206 2. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Axial Skeleton Includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum; protects vital organs. 3. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is Wolff’s Law? Bones adapt to stress by becoming stronger or weaker. 4. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Epiphyseal Plate Growth plate in long bones that enables bone elongation. 5. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Central Nervous System (CNS) Includes the brain and spinal cord; processes and integrates information. 6. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is proprioception? The body's ability to sense its position and movement in space. 7. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Prepares the body for "fight or flight" by increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles. 8. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the function of motor neurons? Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles for movement. 9. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Muscle Fiber Types Type I (slow-twitch) for endurance; Type II (fast-twitch) for strength and power. 10. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the sliding filament theory? Explains muscle contraction by actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other. 11. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Sarcomere The basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber, composed of actin and myosin. 12. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? Stores and releases calcium for muscle contraction. 13. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary function of the respiratory system? To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body. 14. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Sinoatrial (SA) Node The heart's natural pacemaker that initiates electrical impulses for contraction. 15. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Endocrine System A network of glands that produce hormones to regulate bodily functions. 16. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the function of insulin? Lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells. 17. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Hypothalamus The master gland that controls hormone release from the pituitary gland. 18. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the role of cortisol? Regulates stress response and metabolism. 19. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Planes of Motion Sagittal (forward/back), Frontal (side-to-side), Transverse (rotation). 20. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is an open-chain movement? A movement where the distal limb moves freely, like a bicep curl. 21. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Isometric Contraction Muscle generates force without changing length. 22. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is torque in biomechanics? The rotational force applied around a joint. 23. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Nonverbal Communication Body language, facial expressions, and gestures that influence client perception. 24. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is active listening? A communication technique that involves full attention, nodding, and repeating key points. 25. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Open-Ended Questions Encourage deeper conversation and engagement, unlike yes/no questions. Exclusive PTP CPT Offers Most Popular Cert Best Online NCCA Cert Best Study Materials Gold Standard Cert A Good Option Best CPT for you? 26. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT How does empathy improve client relationships? It builds trust, understanding, and stronger communication. 27. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Stages of Change Model Includes precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. 28. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is motivational interviewing? A client-centered technique to encourage behavior change by resolving ambivalence. 29. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT OARS Technique Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to build rapport. 30. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is self-monitoring in behavior change? Tracking progress to increase accountability and adherence. 31. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) A screening tool used to identify potential health risks before exercise. 32. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is considered a normal resting heart rate (RHR)? 60-100 beats per minute. 33. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Body Mass Index (BMI) A measurement of body weight relative to height (kg/m²). 34. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Static Postural Assessment Identifies muscle imbalances, range of motion issues, and flexibility limitations. 35. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the purpose of the Overhead Squat Assessment (OHSA)? To assess movement patterns, core stability, and potential compensations. 36. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Pronation Distortion Syndrome A postural imbalance characterized by flat feet and inwardly rotated knees. 37. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT VO₂ Max The maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during intense exercise. 38. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the purpose of the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test? To estimate VO₂ max using heart rate recovery. 39. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Ventilatory Threshold (VT) The point during exercise where breathing rate increases disproportionately to oxygen intake. 40. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the Frank-Starling Mechanism? Increased venous return stretches the heart, improving contraction force. 41. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Rate Pressure Product (RPP) A measure of heart workload, calculated as HR × SBP. 42. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Karvonen Formula Calculates target heart rate using heart rate reserve (HRR). 43. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Elasticity vs. Plasticity Elasticity allows muscles to return to their original length; plasticity enables long-term adaptation. 44. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What factor increases flexibility by reducing internal friction? Temperature (heat improves flexibility, cold decreases it). 45. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) A stretching technique that enhances flexibility through muscle contractions and relaxation. 46. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary benefit of flexibility training? Injury prevention and improved range of motion. 47. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) A three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. 48. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the SAID principle? Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands; the body adapts based on the type of stress applied. 49. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Stimulus-Fatigue-Recovery-Adaptation Theory States that greater training stimulus requires longer recovery for adaptation. 50. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary goal of hypertrophy training? To increase muscle size through progressive overload. Exclusive PTP CPT Offers Most Popular Cert Best Online NCCA Cert Best Study Materials Gold Standard Cert A Good Option Best CPT for you? 51. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Pyramid Set A training method where weight increases and reps decrease in successive sets. 52. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is a superset? Performing two exercises back-to-back with no rest in between. 53. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Drop Set A technique where weight is reduced after reaching failure to continue the set. 54. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is circuit training? A workout format where multiple exercises are performed sequentially with minimal rest. 55. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Knee Valgus A condition where the knees cave inward, often due to weak hip abductors. 56. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the safest position for the spine during resistance training? Neutral spine alignment. 57. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Valsalva Maneuver A breathing technique used to increase intra-abdominal pressure for stability during heavy lifts. 58. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary cause of shoulder injuries in resistance training? Scapular muscle imbalances leading to improper movement patterns. 59. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Training Volume The total amount of work done, calculated as sets × reps × weight. 60. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary purpose of periodization? To systematically vary training variables to optimize performance and recovery. 61. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Rest Interval The time taken between sets to allow partial or full recovery. 62. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Microcycle A short training cycle lasting several days to one week. 63. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the purpose of a deload week? To reduce training volume and intensity for recovery. 64. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Undulating Periodization A training approach that varies intensity and volume within a microcycle. 65. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Plyometric Training A method that enhances power by using rapid eccentric loading followed by a concentric contraction. 66. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)? A sequence of eccentric, amortization, and concentric phases that enhances force production. 67. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Reactive Strength Index (RSI) A measure of plyometric efficiency calculated by jump height divided by ground contact time. 68. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Acceleration Phase The phase in which an athlete increases speed from a stationary or slow-moving position. 69. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is Ground Reaction Force (GRF)? The force exerted by the ground against the body when in contact. 70. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC) A rapid eccentric contraction followed by a concentric contraction to enhance force production. 71. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Center of Gravity The point where the body's weight is evenly distributed for balance. 72. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What are the three systems involved in maintaining balance? Vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. 73. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Static vs. Dynamic Balance Static balance is maintaining position without movement; dynamic balance involves stability during motion. 74. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Corrective Exercise A systematic approach to identifying and addressing muscle imbalances to improve movement quality. 75. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the purpose of self-myofascial release (SMR)? To reduce muscle tightness and restore range of motion by applying pressure to trigger points. 76. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Force-Couple Relationship The interaction of muscle groups that produce movement by pulling in opposite directions. 77. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary goal of corrective exercise? To restore mobility, stability, and proper movement patterns while reducing injury risk. 78. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Special Populations Groups that require exercise modifications, such as youth, older adults, and individuals with chronic conditions. 79. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the main goal of training older adults? To maintain mobility, prevent falls, and improve overall quality of life. 80. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Why is resistance training beneficial for youth? It improves strength, motor skills, and reduces injury risk when properly supervised. 81. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) The total amount of energy burned in a day, including BMR, physical activity, and TEF. 82. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What macronutrient has the highest thermic effect? Protein, increasing metabolism by 15-30% after ingestion. 83. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT NEAT (Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis) Calories burned through daily activities like fidgeting and household chores. 84. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the recommended daily water intake for adult males? 3.7 liters (about 13 cups). 85. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Essential Nutrients Nutrients that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet. 86. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the primary function of carbohydrates? To provide energy and regulate blood glucose. 87. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Macronutrient Caloric Values Carbohydrates and proteins: 4 kcal/g, Fats: 9 kcal/g, Alcohol: 7 kcal/g. 88. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the recommended daily water intake for adult women? 2.7 liters (about 9 cups). 89. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Fat-Soluble Vitamins Stored in fat tissues; includes vitamins A, D, E, and K. 90. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the function of Vitamin D? Regulates calcium and phosphorus for bone health. 91. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Antioxidants Micronutrients that protect cells from oxidative stress and free radicals. 92. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) A 1994 law that regulates dietary supplements separately from drugs and food additives. 93. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What government agencies regulate dietary supplements in the U.S.? The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and FTC (Federal Trade Commission). 94. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Health Claim vs. Structure-Function Claim Health claims must be FDA-approved, while structure-function claims describe nutrient roles without requiring approval. 95. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Scope of Practice for Personal Trainers Trainers should not diagnose, treat, or counsel but can educate and guide clients. 96. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What lifestyle factors contribute to better mental health? Exercise, hydration, sleep, stress management, and nutrition. 97. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT What is the purpose of liability insurance for personal trainers? To protect against legal claims related to accidents or negligence. 98. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT Standard of Care The expectation that trainers act as any reasonable professional would under similar circumstances. 99. IPTA CPT IPTA CPT CPR/AED Certification Required for fitness professionals to respond to cardiac emergencies. 1 out of 100 Time's up
